Each moiety and all clans had members in all four villages, so that each individual had close ties to people in every community. The tribe was divided into two large moieties (divisions)-Earth and Sky-and into twenty-one clans. The last three were most likely located in present-day Desha County. Two others, Tongigua and Tourima, were located on the west bank and a fourth, Osotouy, at the mouth of the Arkansas River. They established one village, Kappa, on the east bank of the Mississippi. At that time, the Quapaw lived in four villages along the Mississippi River. The French called the Quapaw the “Arkansas,” the Illini word for “People of the South Wind” and so named the river and the countryside after them. They first appeared in historical accounts in 1673 when they encountered the first French explorers in the Mississippi River Valley, led by Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet. The Quapaw are members of the Dhegiha Siouan language group, which also includes the Osage, the Omaha, the Ponca, and the Kansa.
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